| Alzheimer |
| Brain diseases |
| Research |
| Tau |
| APP |
| Abeta |
| VCDN group |
 |
| ALS/PDC Guam |
| AGD |
| Bri |
| CBD |
|
DLDH |
| DM1 |
| Down S |
| GSS |
| FTD |
| FTDP-17 |
| Huntington |
| Hallenvorden |
| IBM |
| Lewy BD |
| MSA |
| NPiD c |
| Parkinson D Guadeloupe |
| Parkinson |
| Dementia in Parkinson |
| Pick |
| Prion |
| PSP |
| PEP |
| Semantic D |
|
SSP |
| ToD |
Many thanks to Pr Dennis Dickson, Neuropathologist, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA for the information below
Feature
Insoluble tau
64 & 60kDa
3R tau
68 & 64 kDa; 4R tau
68 & 64 kDa; 4R tau
68 & 64 kDa; 4R tau
EM of filaments
14-16 nm straight filaments; 22-24 nm twisted ribbons
22-24 nm twisted ribbons
15-18 nm straight filaments
9-18 nm straight filaments
Historical term
Clinical
Distribution
Histopathology
Current Term
Type A
Personality changes, amnestic syndrome, dementia
Frontal and temporal poles and limbic structures
Pick bodies & ballooned neurons
PiD
Type B
Focal cortical signs, extrapyramidal signs, dementia
Superior frontal and parietal cortices; basal ganglia; substantia nigra
Ballooned neurons
CBD
Type C
Dementia, personality changes
Neither Pick bodies nor ballooned neurons
FTLD (DLDH)
|
Feature |
Pick’s disease |
Corticobasal degeneration |
Progressive supranuclear palsy |
Argyrophilic grain disease |
|
Gross appearance |
Sharply circumscribed lobar (frontotemporal) atrophy |
Circumscribed atrophy, parasagittal frontal and parietal |
Premotor and frontal atrophy |
Variable or none, temporal atrophy |
|
Cortex |
Status spongiosis |
Superficial spongiosis |
Minimal or none |
None |
|
Ballooned neurons |
Abundant |
Abundant |
None or sparse, limbic lobe (see AGD) |
Frequent, limbic lobe |
|
Tau- or Gallyas positive neuronal lesions |
Pick body |
Pre-tangles, skein-like, NFT-like, Pick body-like |
Globose NFT, pretangles |
Pretangles, grains |
|
Threads and thread-like lesions |
Sparse to variable |
Numerous, gray & white matter cortical, striatal & brainstem |
Variable, basal ganglia & diencephalon |
Minimal, medial temporal lobe |
|
Glial pathology |
Glial fibrillary tangles, Pick body -like inclusions in oligodendrocytes |
Astrocytic plaques, coiled bodies |
Tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies |
Coiled bodies, tau-positive astrocytes |
|
Subthalamic nucleus |
Minimal |
Minimal |
Marked neuronal loss |
Minimal |
|
Substantia nigra |
Variable |
Marked |
Marked |
None |
|
Pons & medulla |
Mild; pontine Pick bodies |
Mild; pontine threads and pretangles |
Marked pathology, tegmental; pontine nuclei NFT |
None |
|
Cerebellum |
None |
Mild, Purkinje cell torpedoes |
Moderate, grumose degeneration in dentate |
None |
|
Disease |
Limbic lobe |
Association cortices |
Motor cortex |
Basal ganglia |
Thalamus |
Midbrain |
Pons & medulla |
Cerebellum (dentate) |
|
PiD (3R) |
CA1, dentate & amygdala |
Limbic & frontotemporal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CBD (4R) |
|
Frontoparietal |
|
|
|
Substantia nigra |
|
|
|
PSP (4R) |
|
|
|
|
Subthalamic nucleus |
Substantia nigra |
|
|
|
AGD (4R) |
CA2 & amygdala |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The intensity of the shading reflects the severity of the neuronal and glial tau pathology in a given region. Note that in both PiD and CBD, the brunt of the pathology is in cortical areas, but that the distribution is different; limbic/frontotemporal in PiD versus frontoparietal in CBD. AGD is a tauopathy limited to the temporal lobe. PSP is a tauopathy with the brunt of the pathology in brainstem and diencephalon
